Question

The $\gamma$ - rays are harmful radiations emitted by natural radioactive substances.
(a) Which are other radiations emitted from such substances.
(b) What is the unit of nuclear radiation?

Answer 1

Hint: As we know, Gamma rays are the most harmful external hazard.During radioactive emission, there are three types of rays that can be emitted. In which, gamma rays are dangerous for humans. Beta particles can penetrate the skin and cause "beta burns." Alpha particles are unable to penetrate healthy skin.

Complete answer:
(a) $\alpha - rays$ and $\beta - particles$ are two further types of radiation that are emitted. Electromagnetic radiation, or $X - ray$ , is a type of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of most X-rays ranges from \[0.01{\text{ }}to{\text{ }}10{\text{ }}nanometers\] , with energy ranging from \[100\,eV{\text{ }}to{\text{ }}100\,keV\] . $X - ray$ wavelengths are shorter than UV wavelengths and often longer than gamma ray wavelengths.

(b) 'Roentgen' is the unit of nuclear radiation $(R)$ . In $1g$ of air, it creates \[1.61012{\text{ }}pairs\] of ions in terms of radiation. The energy particles or rays emitted by a radioactive element, such as uranium, as it decays are known as nuclear radiation.

Additional-Information:The particles and photons emitted during reactions involving the nucleus of an atom are referred to as nuclear radiation. Ionizing radiation, or ionising radiation, is another name for nuclear radiation (depending on the country). Nuclear processes produce energetic particles that can take electrons from atoms and molecules, causing them to ionise.

Gamma rays, $X - rays$ , and the more intense section of the electromagnetic spectrum are all examples of nuclear radiation. Alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, muons, mesons, positrons, and cosmic rays are all ionising subatomic particles produced by nuclear processes.

Note:Gamma rays have such a high energy that they may pierce almost any material. Gamma rays are extremely harmful as a result of this. They have the ability to kill living cells, cause gene mutations, and cancer. The fatal effects of gamma rays, ironically, can be employed to treat cancer.