Question

The following body parts are examples for
 

Answer 1

Hint: There are two different types of structure- analogous and homologous structure based on the structure and function of the organs. The presence of homologous organs is a sign of divergent evolution and indicates the presence of a common ancestor while analogous structures are a sign of convergent evolution.

Complete answer:
Homologous organs are morphological structures of animals that are used for different functions but show embryological relation. For example, from the figure, we can see the fin of a whale and the wings of a bat. The fin is used to push water and move through water whereas the wing is used to aid the bat to fly and glide.

When looking at the morphological similarities we can see even though the structures are not the same but have some degree of similarity indicated by the colored bones. This suggests that the two organisms have a common ancestor. This can be further evaluated using embryological evidence where the fetus of the whale and the bat are studied, similarities there further validate the hypothesis of a common ancestor. The presence of homologous organs indicates divergent evolution.

Divergent evolution is when a common ancestor moves into different geographical locations and thus adapt their appendages to perform different functions. This evolves the organ to be modified by the internal genetic makeup does not change and thus even after millions of years of evolution similarities in the morphological structures of the organs can be seen.

Therefore, the given image is an example of homologous organs.

Note: The exact opposite of homologous organs would be analogous organs. Analogous organs are organs that perform the same function but do not have any morphological, paleontological, or embryological similarities, for example, the wings of a bat and a fly. Both are used to fly but share no similarities. It is important not to confuse the two. Homologous is synonymous with divergent evolution and analogous organs are synonyms to convergent evolution.