Question

The following are some well-known abbreviations, which have been used in this chapter. Expand each one to its full form:
(a) MALT (b) CMI (c) AIDS (d) NACO (e) HIV

Answer 1

Hint: Immunology is the branch of biomedical sciences which deals with all aspects and concepts of the immune system in all multicellular organisms.

Complete Answer:

(a) MALT - Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
(b) CMI - Cell-mediated Immunity.
(c) AIDS - Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome.
(d) NACO - National AIDS Control Organisation.
(e) HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)is dissipated along mucosal linings in the human body and establishes the most broad segment of human lymphoid tissue. These surfaces shield the body from a huge amount and assortment of antigens. The tonsils, the Peyer patches inside the small intestine, and the vermiform appendix are examples of MALT.

In cell-mediated immunity (CMI), T cells (lymphocytes) bind to the outside of different cells that show the antigen and trigger a reaction. The reaction may include other lymphocytes andany of the other white blood cells (leukocytes).

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that assaults cells that help the body fight contamination, making an individual more powerless against different diseases and illnesses. It is spread by contact with certain body fluids of an individual with HIV, most generally during unprotected (sex without a condom or HIV medication to resist or treat HIV), or through sharing needles. Whenever left untreated, HIV can prompt the illness AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)in which the body’s immune system is badly damaged.

National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) is a division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that provides leadership to HIV/AIDS control programme in India through 35 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies.

Note: In particular, immunology can be characterized as the part of science that deals with the immune system,, the substantial differentiation of self from non-self, and the utilization of lab strategies or immunoassays.