Question

The first work on genetics was done by
A. Lamarck
B. Hugo de vries
C. Mendel
D. Darwin

Answer 1

Hint: Genetics in the study of heredity. Heredity is a biological process in which parents pass their genes to their offsprings.

Complete Answer:
- Genetics is the branch of Zoology which is concerned with the study of genes, heredity and genetic variations in the organism.
- Gregor Johann Mendel was known as the father of genetics. He was the one who first explained the principles of inheritance.
- Gregor Mendel conducted his experiments on the pea plant scientifically called as Pisum, sativum. He traced the inheritance of several characters.
- He gave the idea about the inheritance of genes. He deduced that genes occur in pairs and are inherited as a distinct unit from each of the parents to the offspring.

Mendel gave three laws of Heredity. They are-
1. The Law of Segregation – Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex cells so that the sex cells contain only one gene of the pair. Offspring inherited one gene from mother and one gene from father.
2. The law of independent Assortment – According to this law, genes for different traits are sorted separately from one another so that the inheritance of one gene is not dependent on the inheritance of another gene.
3. The law of dominance – According to this law, in the heterozygous condition it is the dominant gene which expresses itself. The dominant gene masks the expression of the recessive gene.

So, option C is the right answer for this question.

Note: The study of genetics can be used in diagnosis of many inherited disorders like Down’s syndrome, Chromosomal disorders, etc. before birth of a child. It is also used in treatment of various kinds of disorders.