Question

The eye of the octopus and the eye of the cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar functions. This is an example of
(a) Homologous organs that have evolved due to the convergent evolution
(b) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(c) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
(d) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution

Answer 1

Hint: Octopus is an eight-limbed mollusc that is bilaterally symmetrical and consists of eight appendages behind itself for swimming. A cat is a domestic animal which is a carnivorous mammal and hunter rodents. A cat can hear the sounds off too high in frequency and secretes pheromones.

Complete answer:
The eye of the octopus and cat show different patterns of structure yet they perform similar functions as an example of analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution. Convergent evolution involves species which are having similar features of different periods. Convergent evolution is the result of random mutations on the molecular level and is unrelated to the adaptive changes. When different species live in similar ways they tend to arise the analogous traits which face the same environmental factors. Several enzymes evolve independently by the physical and chemical constraints that create active site arrangements which include the catalytic triad.
Divergent evolution is defined as the accumulation of differences between closely related species. The genes which can illustrate divergent evolution include orthologous genes and paralogous genes which are a result of speciation event and gene duplication respectively. It occurred when two species of the same group evolved with different trades in those groups which accommodate the different environmental and social pressures which include predation, competition and food supplies.

So, the correct answer is 'Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution’.

Note:
Evolution by mutations and evolution of an allele in the ancestral population are the main reasons for causing convergent evolution at the genetic level. Richard Owen discovered convergent evolution by pointing out the differences between animals with body parts and body parts that have similar purposes.