Question

The enzymes required to obtain wall-free/ naked protoplasts are:
A. Cellulase and pectinase
B. Cellulose and pectinase
C. Cellulose and amylase
D. Amylase and pectinase

Answer 1

Hint: The cell wall and cell membrane are made of complex carbohydrates. The process of obtaining plants by the culture of isolated protoplast from the plant parts on an artificial nutrition media of known composition is known as protoplast culture.

Complete answer: In order to culture the protoplast, it is isolated from the explant (part of the plant used for culturing that usually has high meristematic activity).
1. The protoplast is enclosed by a cell wall (it is permeable to a wide range of substances) and plasma membrane in a plant cell. The enzyme cellulase and pectinase are used to digest the cell wall which is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
2. Cellulases are the enzymes that hydrolyze β -1,4 linkages (branching points) in cellulose chains. They are produced by fungi, bacteria, protozoans, plants, and animals.
3. Pectinase is an enzyme that breaks down pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls. They include pectolyase, pectozyme, and polygalacturonase.

Additional information: Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. It is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of carbohydrate digestion. Salivary amylase can digest only boiled starch, whereas pancreatic amylase can digest both boiled and unboiled starch.
Thus, it is more potent and more efficient

So, the correct answer is 'Cellulase and pectinase'.

Note: Cellulase is used for many purposes in the industrial field. It is used especially for textile wet processing, bio stoning of denim fabric, biopolishing of textile fibers, softening of garments, and removal of excess dye from the fabrics.