Question

The dominant tribes of Punjab, Sindh and north-west frontier provinces adopted ________.

Answer 1

Hint:
The social rules and practices prescribed by the Brahmanas and Hinduism were not practised/accepted by many tribes on the subcontinent. These societies are also known as clans.
In a traditional society, a tribe is a social division consisting of families connected with a shared culture and dialect through social, economic, religious, or blood relations.
A tribe has certain attributes and features that make it a distinctive cultural, social and political organization.

Complete answer:
- In almost every area of the subcontinent, tribal individuals have been identified. At various points in time, the territory and strength of a tribe varied.

- Large territories were controlled by some powerful tribes Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions in Multan and Sind until they were subdued by the Mughals.

- Another large and powerful tribe in the north-west was the Balochis. They've been split into several Smaller clans under various chiefs.

- During the 13 and 14 centuries in Punjab, the Khokhar tribe was very powerful. The Gakkhars became more important later. Kamal Khan Gakkhar, their chief, was made a noble (mansabdar) during the reign of Akbar.

- They eventually substituted the 11-12 centuries for the Older rulers, especially those in agricultural areas.

- There was an emerging industrialized society, and rulers used their own Wealth for creating strong states

- The rise of Rajput clans to the rulers' place set a precedent to be followed by the tribal people. Gradually, several tribes became part of the caste system with the help of the Brahmanas. A substantial number had joined the caste society's lower jatis.

- On the other hand, Islam was embraced very early by many powerful tribes of Punjab, Sind and the North-West Frontier. They kept opposing the caste system.

- Prescribed by orthodox Hinduism, the social order was not generally accepted.

Hence, the correct answer is ‘islam religion’ .

Note:
Other tribes of India are:
The shepherd tribe of the Gaddis lived in the western Himalaya.
The distant north-eastern part of the subcontinent was also entirely dominated by tribes-the Nagas, Ahoms, etc.
By the end of the 12th century, in many regions of today's Bihar and Jharkhand, Chero, chiefdoms had risen. Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s general, attacked and defeated them in 1591.
The Maharashtra highlands and Karnataka were home to Kolis, Berads etc. South got Koragas, Vetars, Maravars etc. Bhils spread across western and central India
In the present-day states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, the Gonds were found in great numbers.