Question

The division of powers between different organs of Indian government is based on the principle of _________________.
A.Separation of powers
B.Centralization of powers
C.Delegation of authority
D.Decentralization of powers

Answer 1

Hint:The idea of controls and balances is that each branch has the right to regulate or regulate the other two, which provides a contrast between the state's three distinct branches. This theory encourages one branch to avoid the dominance of either of the other branches, thus ensuring political independence.

Complete answer:
The division of powers breaks the government system into three branches, i.e. The Legislative, the Judiciary and the Executive. Although various scholars give different meanings, three aspects of this doctrine may be framed in general.
1.The capacities of each organ should be different, i.e. an individual with a role of one organ should not be part of another organ.
2.In the functioning of the other organs, one organ does not intervene.
3.An organ should not be a part of another organ (they should stick to their mandate only).
The aim of the division of powers is to prohibit a single entity or a group of people from exploiting authority. It will safeguard society against the coercive, unreasonable and tyrannical powers of the state, safeguard independence for all, and delegate each role for the successful discharge of their respective duties to the appropriate organs of the state.

This theory was first used in Aristotle's works in the 4th century BCE, in which he described the three government institutions as the General Assembly, the Elected Officers and the Judiciary. A similar idea was practised in the Ancient Roman Republic as well. In modern times, it was the 18th-century French philosopher Montesquieu who, in his book De l'esprit des lois, made the doctrine a strongly formal and empirical one (The Spirit of Laws). His analysis is focused on an interpretation of the English structure, which showed a tendency to distinguish the three regulatory bodies more broadly. John Locke further evolved the theory.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note:Whenever there is a concentration of influence in one centre/authority, there is likely to be increased chances of maladministration, corruption, nepotism and misuse of power. This theory guarantees that autocracy does not creep into a democratic structure. It defends people from unconstitutional laws.