Question

The diagram shows an important concept in the genetic implication of DNA. Fill in the blanks A to C.

I. A- transcription, B- replication, C- James Watson
II. A- translation, B- transcription, C-Erwin Chargaff
III. A- transcription, B- translation, C- Francis Crick
IV. A- translation, B- extension, C- Rosalind Franklin

Answer 1

Hint: Cells carry out many vital functions. Out of all of this, another function that is an essential memory evolution component is the formation of protein. This is defined as protein synthesis. The significant route of amino acid disposal is represented by protein synthesis.

Complete answer: According to the diagram in the question, we can deduce that the diagram represents protein synthesis which is carried out in two steps. These steps include transcription followed by the translation.
-Genetic materials are stored by the DNA in the nuclei of the cells as a template or as a reference. Transcription can be defined as the process of replication of the genetic information in a strand of DNA into the messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcription occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Accessory proteins called transcription factors along with the enzyme RNA polymerase, facilitate the transcription process.
-The vital role of the transcription factors is to bind to specific DNA sequences which allows the RNA polymerase to bind to the appropriate transcription sites forming a complex known as the transcription initiation complex. These DNA sequences are termed as promoter and enhancer sequences. The messenger RNA is formed when the gene codes with a protein.
-While the DNA serves as the template or reference for the production of mRNA, the mRNA on formation serves as a template or reference for the synthesis of protein during translation. The RNA performs fundamental functions in the cell such as regulate, synthesize, and process proteins.
-Now the information that has been stored in the mRNA is further processed for the synthesis of protein. This process is known as translation. Translation occurs in the ribosome which is present outside the nucleus of the cell. Amino acids are considered to be the foundation of proteins. The mRNA sequence is translated into these amino acids with the assistance of a genetic code.

Hence, the correct answer based on the diagram provided is option III. A- transcription, B- translation, C- Francis Crick.

Note: Genetic code can be defined as the combination of nucleotides known as codons, which is usually a three-letter combination. The genetic code involves the DNA bases strung together so that the ribosome can bind with them and form proteins. The DNA bases include A, C, G, and T that are acronyms of Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. The mRNA also consists of similar nucleotide bases except, the thymine is replaced with Uracil. Therefore, the mRNA bases include A, U, G, and C.