Question

The decomposed organic matter is called
A. Callose
B. Callus
C. Litter
D. Humus

Answer 1

Hint: There are several bacteria and other microbes present in the soil that are able to decompose organic matter. These microbes are called decomposers. They break down complex organic substances into simpler inorganic forms. This process is called decomposition.

Complete answer: Raw material for decomposition is called detritus. It is formed by remains of dead organic matter including animal body, plant body, excretory matter, and so on. There are several steps to the decomposition process. They are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, and mineralization. Decomposers present in the soil decompose the organic matter into humus. Fragmentation is the process by which detritivores break up the organic matter into small fragments. In the process of leaching, the nutrients are mixed with water and it enters the soil. Catabolism is the process in which complex molecules are converted into simple ones. The process of formation of humus is called humification. Humus is a dark brown coloured structure that is the product of decomposition. Later, the inorganic minerals enter into the soil from the humus by a process called mineralization.
Manure is nothing other than the dead and decaying organic matter of plants and animals. They are commonly used to make the soil fertile as it is rich in minerals needed by the plants.
Hence, the correct answer is Option D

Note: Manure increases the porosity of the soil. Porosity is the water holding capacity of the soil. Manure also increases the nutrient richness of the soil and also has properties that reduce soil erosion. As it contains organic matter, it is preferred to chemical fertilizers as the latter causes water and soil pollution.