Question

The crystal of lead zirconate is a key component of
(A) Electroencephalography
(B) Electrocardiography
(C) Magnetoencephalography
(D) Sonography

Answer 1

Hint: It is a technique that is used for visualizing the structures beneath the skin. A transducer is used in this technique in order to receive the sound waves and signals to the skin.

Complete answer: Sonography is a technique used for obtaining a dynamic image of internal body structures. In this technique, a gel containing lead zirconate is used to prevent sound from getting scattered. This technique is used for diagnosing cysts, tumours, etc. It involves placing a small device called a transducer against the patient's skin near the body area to be imaged. It sends high-frequency sound waves into the body which detects sound waves as they bounce off internal structures.
a) Electroencephalography is a method used to detect and for recording the electrical activity of the brain. In this process, small metal electrodes are attached to the scalp. The brain cells communicate through electrical impulses and are always active and when recorded this activity is showing up as wavy lines.
b) An electrocardiography is used for recording the electrical signals of the heart. This is a common test used for detecting heart problems at a faster rate and to monitor the health of the heart. This is a painless test. An electrocardiogram is produced when electrocardiography is carried out. An electrocardiogram is simply a graph between the voltage and time of electrical activity.
c) Magnetoencephalography is a technique that is used for mapping brain activity by recording the magnetic field produced by electrical currents that occur in the brain naturally with the help of highly sensitive magnetometers. This is a neuroimaging technique.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Note: In transducers, crystals of lead zirconate convert electric current into sound waves. Therefore, transducers are able to act as a receiver and convert echoes into electrical signals which are then processed and displayed on the monitor screen. Lead zirconate has the property to convert one form of energy into another and also prevent sound from getting scattered.