Question

The cloning vector M13 has genetic material
a. ssRNA
b. dsRNA
c. ssDNA
d. dsDNA

Answer 1

Hint: The RNA and DNA strands of viruses are used for replication, duplication, cloning, and orientation. These techniques help in removing the infection and in some cases to understand the mechanism of viruses. Cloning is an artificial way of preparing the strands to regulate gene mechanism.

Complete answer:
> Option A:
Single-Stranded RNA or ssRNA are viruses that keep on the cycle of infectious viruses to move. There are some examples of ssRNA like SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatovirus A. There is a replication of the ssRNA genome into the host cell’s cytoplasm leading to a change in the genetic material package.

> Option B:
Double-Stranded RNA or dsRNA is made up of two complementary strands of RNA. They help with gene silencing. This is done by the degradation of RNAs into short RNAs. It is a gene regulatory mechanism that helps in suppressing transcription or activating the degrading process.

> Option C:
Single-Stranded DNA or ssDNA is usually found in class II viruses like Parviviridae. A heat-denatured DNA when cooled, artificially produces single-stranded DNA. The heating method helps the strands to separate and the cooling method leads to renaturation. In biochemical reactions, ssDNA is involved in DNA replication and DNA repair.

> Option D:
Double-Stranded DNA or dsDNA have two polynucleotide chains connected by hydrogen bonds. The strand mirrors the other one and results in an antiparallel orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbones. When the genome of a cell is continually damaged by exposure to ultraviolet light, irradiation, and other chemicals, it leads to the breakage of ssDNA in the chromosomes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: In both single and double-stranded forms, M13 occurs. M13 is widely used for its cloning capacity. ssDNA is a filamentous bacteriophage which infects bacteria. Single-Stranded DNA enters the cell and infects in specific areas.