Question

The chromosome with centromere near the end is called as
a. Acrocentric
b. Metacentric
c. Sub-metacentric
d. Telocentric

Answer 1

Hint: The information that helps for the growth of the cell in the human body is carried by chromosomes. The thread-like structures which are situated inside the nucleus of animal and plant cell are called chromosomes. They are made up of DNA single-molecule and proteins. The region of specialized chromatin which is found in every constricted chromosome is called the centromere.

Complete answer:
The centromere which is located near the end of the chromosome is called the Acrocentric chromosome. There are 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in the human body. It is a sub-terminal centromere. The shape of the acrocentric chromosome is rod or i-shaped. The number of acrocentric chromosome in the humans are 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, and Y chromosome. The extra acrocentric chromosome is the reason behind the cause of the down syndrome.

The centromere which is located in the mid or center of the chromosome is called the metacentric chromosome. In this, the two arms of the chromosome separated at the end. The arms of the chromosome are almost equal in length. The shape of the metacentric chromosome is X-like.

The centromere which is located not exactly in the middle or center of the chromosome is called the sub-metacentric chromosome. The arms of the chromosomes are not equal to each other. The shape of the sub-metacentric chromosome is L. The chromosome number which consists of the sub-metacentric chromosome is 2, 4, 12, 17, 18, X.
The centromere which is located at the end of the chromosome is called a telocentric chromosome.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: The centromere is easily visualized in the chromosome. The two chromatids of the chromosome are held together by the centromere. There are different types of chromosome centromere which we have discussed. The acrocentric chromosome is present not at the end but towards the end. The point of attachment of the kinetochore in the chromosome is centromere.