Question

The bone matrix is rich in
(a) Calcium and potassium
(b) Phosphorus and potassium
(c) Calcium and phosphorus
(d) Calcium and sodium

Answer 1

Hint: A bone is a hard structure that is made up of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate that forms the skeletal system of the body. Bones provide structural support to the body D for the protection of vital organs. Bone mostly constitutes collagen and is a living tissue. Bones are important for the protection of internal organs, cell formation, and nutrient storage.

Complete step by step answer:
The bone matrix is rich in calcium and phosphorus. Bone Matrix consists of substances such as inorganic bone salts and collagen fibers. Bone matrix is a protein matrix that contains minerals like calcium and phosphorus which get deposited and form bones. It contains other bone minerals such as hydroxyapatite which consists of calcium and phosphorus with some amount of sodium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Calcium is considered as the fifth most important element of the human body after oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Phosphorus is a vital component of nucleic acid, phospholipids, and ATP, etc.

Additional information: Bone Matrix contains the constituents of proteins such as proteoglycans and glycoproteins which are non-collagenous. Most of the mass of the bone is due to the bone matrix present in it. 90% of the organic component of the bone matrix is due to collagen type l which is secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes. Bone Matrix contains both organic and inorganic components. The organic components help to resist tension whereas the inorganic components help in resisting compression. The rigidness or hardness of the bone is due to the osteoid present in the bone matrix which is the crystalline complex of calcium and phosphate. Calcified bones constitute $25\mathrm{\%}$ of the organic matrix, $5\mathrm{\%}$ of water, and $70\mathrm{\%}$ of inorganic minerals.
So, the correct answer is 'calcium and phosphorus'.

Note: The adult body of humans consists of 206 bones in which 26 bones are there in the human foot. The human hand consists of 54 bones including the wrist. The longest bone in the human body is the thigh bone or the femur. The smallest on the lightest bone of the human body is in the middle ear called stapes. The Skeleton system consists of 200 bones. A baby is born with 300 bones inside it.