Question

The arthropod exoskeleton is formed of
(a) Several kinds of polysaccharides
(b) Several kinds of proteins
(c) Layers of protein and chitin
(d) Single complex protein called Erythropoietin.

Answer 1

Hint: Mineral crystals such as calcium carbonate are among the biopolymer and protein molecules by the natural process of biomineralization for the formation of the exoskeleton in arthropods. This provides strength and a stable exoskeleton for arthropods.

Complete step by step answer:
The arthropod exoskeleton is formed of layers of protein and chitin. Chitin is a biopolymer that is extensively present in the shells of organisms. These organisms live in the bottom of the sea floors and require a strong exoskeleton to survive the extreme pressure of the ocean.
So, the correct answer is, ‘Layers of protein and chitin’.

Additional information:
- The word arthropod is derived from the Ancient Greek language, where the term arthro means 'divided' and poda means 'legs'.
- The exoskeleton of arthropods is differentiated into various functional units, with specific segments. Such segments are known as tagma, which is evolved to perform various functions in the body of arthropods.
- The strong exoskeleton formed as the result of its chemical and physical properties, limits the growth of several arthropods and cannot change the shape of its will.

Note: The major component of arthropod exoskeleton is chitin, which is a biopolymer that is easily degradable for microorganisms. Another major biopolymer, called the Chitinase is derived from chitin.
- Chitin can be extracted from the shells of these marine organisms using the chemical extraction method. The methods include de- mineralization, deproteinization, bleaching, etc. The biological extraction method involves the usage of enzymes.
- The biodegradable property of chitin and Chitinase makes them a proper substitute for plastic. Biodegradable plastic and degradable scaffolds can be formed by using chitin and Chitinase.