Question

State the properties of the solution.

Answer 1

Hint: The properties of the solution depend on the nature of the solute and solvent along with the temperature and pressure variations as they affect the solubility of the solute in the solvent.

Complete step by step answer:
- A solution is composed of two or more components such that its overall composition and properties is uniform throughout the system. Thus, forming a homogeneous mixture where the solvent component contributes to larger amount compared to the solute component present in a lesser amount.
- So, in a binary solution, with the solute component dissolved into the solvent through a physical process considering the rule of “like dissolves like”, which depends on the nature of the solute and solvent.
Thus, the polar substance dissolve in a polar solvent and a nonpolar substance dissolves in a nonpolar solvent.
- The size of the particles in the solution is less than one nanometre in diameter. So, they do not show the path of the light, as it doesn’t scatter the light passing through it. Also, they cannot be separated from the mixture physically. Thus, giving a stable solution.
- Also, there are properties of the solution which only depend on the amount of solute and not on its nature. These are known as colligative properties such as the vapour pressure, boiling point and freezing point.
The vapour pressure of the solution decreases with the increase in the amount of solute added. Its relation is given by Raoult's law.
Also, the solution having the solute, boils at a higher temperature but freezes at lower temperature than the pure solvent. It is given by the elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point respectively.

Note: With the increase in temperature, the solubility of solid or liquid solutes increases. This being used in their separation during fractional crystallization, which separates compounds according to their solubilities.
Whereas, in gases, the solubility decreases with increasing temperature as the solvent particles enter the gas phase having high kinetic energy. Thereby, decreasing their solubility in the solvent.