Question

Sperms produce an enzymatic substance for dissolving egg coverings. It is called
A. Hyaluronic acid
B. Hyaluronidase
C. Androgamone
D. Diastase

Answer 1

Hint: Human fertilisation involves multiple stages. The egg's vitelline membrane is initially broken by enzymes released by the acrosome, which is followed by the plasma membrane depolarising to encourage monospermy.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Fertilisation is the fusion of a female gamete with a male gamete. A zygote develops following fertilisation. From the graffian follicle, secondary oocytes are released and go to the ampullary isthmus junction. Semen with sperm is inseminated into the vagina after coitus. Sperm go via the uterus to the confluence of the ampullary isthmus, where fertilisation takes place.
Steps of fertilisation:
Acrosomal reaction: The ideal temperature, pH, calcium, and magnesium ions are needed for this process. Sperm lysins such as hyaluronidase and zonalysin are found in acrosomes and are released, assisting in the fusing of the secondary oocyte and sperm's plasma membrane. The plasma membrane depolarizes when sperm enter the oocyte to stop polyspermy.
Cortical reaction: Cortical granules, which are located beneath the oocyte's plasma membrane, release cortical enzymes. To avoid polyspermy, these enzymes stiffen the zona pellucida even more.
Sperm entry: A cone of reception is created at the point of contact between the sperm and secondary oocyte and receives the sperm there.
Karyogamy: After the second meiotic division in the secondary oocyte is complete, the haploid ovum and second polar body are created as the sperm enters the oocyte. Sperm nuclei eventually separate from the rest of the sperm and combine with the female pronuclei to form a zygote.
Hence, the correct option is B. Hyaluronidase

Note: A collection of enzymes termed sperm lysins, including hyaluronidase, are found in the acrosome. Zonalysin, which is secreted and punctures the vitelline membrane, aids in the union of the sperm and the egg.