Question

What is speciation without geographic isolation called?

Answer 1

Hint: Speciation is the process of formation of new species through old species through evolution or any other mode of genetic variation. In this speciation process, both the species will live together and undergo evolution.

Complete answer
The evolutionary process in which the populations get evolved to become distinct species and which speciate among the populations that are isolated from one another is called speciation. The speciation is of two types based on geographical isolation. The first one is the sympatric speciation and the second one is the allopatric speciation.
When the evolution of new species from ancestors occurs where both the species live in the same geographical region without any isolation is called sympatric speciation. They are found to be evolved differently and will undergo evolution until they will evolve such that they will no longer be able to interbreed and form a completely different species.

Additional information
Due to the geographical isolation, the allopatric speciation occurs. It is divided into two types – parapatric and peripatric speciation. In the case of the allopatric speciation, the same species of the populations will be isolated due to the presence of changes in the areas that include the building, mountain, islands, or changes due to emigration.
The two populations would not be able to reproduce when they will come into contact. The speciation in which the population is isolated from a particular region or a periphery and the genes are not allowed to be exchanged is called the peripatric speciation. While when the species develop different habits and evolve in different areas but still exchange some genes are called parapatric speciation.

Note:
There was a need for speciation because as the population increases, the source of food decreases and if evolution will not take place, the species may become extinct due to scarcity in food requirements, or evolution also takes place if ancestral species is transferred to some new environmental conditions.