Question

What is the similarity between DNA and RNA?
A. Both are polymers of nucleotides
B. Both have a similar pyrimidine
C. Both have similar sugar
D. Both are genetic material

Answer 1

Hint: From single-celled protozoans to complex multicellular plants and animals, life on Earth is extremely diverse. However, all life is fundamentally made up of the same building blocks – DNA and RNA – at the molecular level. DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded. This is one of the primary differences between DNA and RNA.

Complete answer:
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix and carry genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses' development, function, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are required for all known forms of life, alongside proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that plays a direct role in protein synthesis. Ribonucleic acid is an important nucleotide found in all living cells, with long chains of nucleic acid. Its primary function is to act as a messenger, carrying DNA instructions for controlling protein synthesis.
The sugar ribose, phosphates, and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) are all found in RNA (U). The nitrogenous bases A, G, and C are shared by DNA and RNA. Thymine and uracil are usually only found in DNA and RNA, respectively.
Similarities between DNA and RNA:
Genetic information is stored in both DNA and RNA.
DNA and RNA are both biological polymers with large sizes.
Sugar, nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate backbone makeup both DNA and RNA.
Guanine and cytosine pair with each other on both molecules (are complementary).
Hydrogen bonding connects complementary base pairs. Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with either thymine or uracil, while uracil forms three hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine.

Note:
The functions of DNA and RNA are distinct. RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make amino acids and proteins, while DNA stores and transmits genetic information. Viruses can use DNA or RNA as genetic material, but they need the cellular machinery of their hosts to replicate. RNA can act as a catalyst in biochemical reactions on occasion. RNA has a lower stability than DNA and is more susceptible to mutation and attack. Proteins protect DNA, and it has several repair mechanisms.