Question

S.I unit of electric charge is:

Answer 1

Hint:Electric charge is a basic property of matter that is carried by some elementary particles that govern how the particles are affected by an electric or magnetic field. Electric charge is either positive or negative, it can neither be created nor destroyed, it occurs in discrete quantities.

Complete step by step answer:
The S.I unit of quantity of electric charge is the coulomb which is represented by the symbol “C”. We say that $1$ Coulomb charge is flowing when a one ampere current passes through the conductor for one second of time. We use "amount of charge" instead of "quantity of charge" to denote the charges. The lowercase symbol ‘q’ is used to denote the quantity of electricity or charge flowing through the conductor.

Mathematically we can use this equation to understand the relation of electric charge,
$q = i \times t$
As said above, if $1$ ampere current is flowing for $1$ second than it will be said that $1$ coulomb charge is flowing and we can write this as,
$1\,\text{Coulomb} = 1\,\text{Ampere} \times 1\,\text{second}$

Additional Information: The amount of charge in 1 electron is defined as a fundamental property in the SI system of units. The value for a single charge, when expressed in the SI unit of electric charge i.e. coulomb, is exactly \[1.602176634 \times {10^{ - 19}}\;\] C.

Hence, the S.I unit of electric charge is coulomb.

Note: The nature of charges carried by electrons and protons are negative and positive respectively but neutrons are neutral i.e. they carry zero or no charge. The negative charge carried by each electron has been experimentally found to have the same magnitude, and it is equal to the magnitude of the positive charge of each proton. Charge thus exists in natural units equal to the charge of an electron or a proton.