Question

Sharbati Sonora variety of wheat was obtained by
(a) Crossing with a wild variety of wheat
(b) Hybridization between wild varieties of wheat
(c) X-ray treatment
(d) Irradiation of Sonora 64 with gamma rays

Answer 1

Hint: Mutation is a famous process involved in plant breeding that alters the appearance of a plant's characteristics. Many of the new Crop varieties are produced as a result of mutation.

Complete answer:
The Sharbati Sonora variety of wheat is the result of gamma Irradiation of a Mexican variety of wheat named Sonora 64 which was produced by Swaminathan, who is known as India Father of Green Revolution, and his team.

Additional Information: Let us know more about each procedure mentioned in the question:
The crossing is a process of genetic engineering that involves two individuals that gives rise to a combination of genetic material in the offspring. There are two types of crosses- monohybrid and dihybrid.
Hybridization is the process of combining varieties of organisms to create a hybrid that is better in quality and has certain specialized characteristics. In the case of plants, artificial Hybridization uses only desired pollen grains for pollination and fertilization.
One of the famous plant breeding processes is mutation and currently, it uses physical mutagens such as X-rays, UV light, fast and thermal neutrons especially gamma rays to artificially induce mutagenesis.
Gamma rays are popularly used for this purpose in seeds and other planting materials like cuttings, pollen, or tissue cultured calli.
Along with gamma rays, X-ray Irradiation is also popularly used for mutagenesis.
So, the correct answer is "(d) Irradiation of Sonora 64 with gamma rays".

Note: Wheat is cultivated almost in every place in the world and is considered a healthy source of carbohydrates, multiple nutrients, and dietary fiber. The breeding of wheat is carried out by different processes, one of which is mutation breeding using gamma, x-rays, UV lights, and sometimes harsh chemicals. Although hundreds of wheat breeds are created by these processes, more of them are created in high population countries like China and India.