Question

Safe and effective means of producing artificial immunity against smallpox by vaccine was first discovered by
(a)Edward Jenner
(b)Haffkine
(c)Dr.Salk
(d)L.Pasteur

Answer 1

Hint: Vaccines can be explained as biological preparations that are provided to a patient as they provide active acquired immunity against a particular disease. The smallpox vaccine was the first developed vaccine. It was developed using the cowpox samples by a British doctor in 1796 who came to be known as the “Father of Immunology”.

Complete answer:
Complete Step by Step Answer:
Vaccines are preparations that typically contain an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe called attenuated pathogens or its toxins.
The first such vaccine preparation was prepared by British doctor Edward Jenner in 1796. He found that a mild attenuated form of the Cowpox pathogen can stimulate the body to produce antibodies that provide immunity against the Smallpox pathogens too. This preparation was found to be safe and was used until the modern vaccine for smallpox was introduced in the Nineteenth century.

Additional Information: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize foreign agents as threats and destroy them by creating antibodies against them. They also help in the recognition and destruction of other microorganisms associated with that agent which the body might encounter in the future.
They stimulate the body to produce antibodies against the specific antigen and after the recognition phase, the body produces antibodies faster in case of subsequent infections of the pathogen.
Vaccinations have led to the eradication of deadly infectious diseases like Smallpox worldwide and Polio in India.
So, the correct answer is, “Edward Jenner”.

Note: -Vaccines can be prophylactic for the prevention of occurrence of a future infection by natural pathogens or therapeutic i.e. to fight a disease that has already occurred.
-World Health Organization (WHO) reports that there are licensed vaccines currently available for twenty-five different preventable infectious diseases.
-Louis Pasteur is given the credit for the development of the actual vaccine by live attenuated bacteria for the Anthrax bacillus.