Question

Reptilian feature of Archaeopteryx is
A. U-shaped furcula
B. Presence of abdominal ribs
C. Feathers with barbules
D. Presence of a beak

Answer 1

Hint:-Archaeopteryx lithographica is a prehistoric bird found around 150 million years ago in Jurassic period. The fossils of this organism was discovered in Solnhofen in Bavaria, Germany in 1860 by
Andreas Wagner from 180 million years old rocks of Jurassic period. It is considered a connecting link
between reptiles and birds and provides evidence of evolution of birds from their reptilian ancestors
i.e. dinosaurs.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
An Archaeopteryx possesses characteristics of both a reptile as well as a bird. Its reptilian characteristics include – an elongated lizard like body, non-pneumatic skeletal bones, a long jointed tail having 20 caudal vertebrae which are free, articulated vertebrae (amphicoelous), reptile-like homodont teeth in jaws, clawed three digits on hand which could moved independently, slender single-headed cervical and thoracic ribs without uncinate processes, sternum without a keel, pelvic girdle having an elongated ilium and backwardly directed pubis, scales on body and limbs, etc. Abdominal ribs are also present and they have similarities to those of Sphenodon and crocodile.
So, the correct answer is option (B), Presence of abdominal ribs.

Additional information:
Till now, palaeontologists have unearthed and discovered a total of twelve specimens of Archaeopteryx from Bavaria, Germany. These specimens have been preserved in various museums.

Note:- The body of Archaeopteryx is streamlined and covered with feathers. The wings have strong flight feathers. The furcula is V-shaped along with bird like-girdle and limb bones. The skull is monocondylic while the jawline is elongated to form a beak. The hind limbs have four clawed toes whereas hallux is opposite to the toes. The forelimbs served the dual purpose of flying and climbing.