Question

Reproductive isolation is to speciation as the selection is to:
(A) Adaptive evolution
(B) Hybridisation
(C) Ecological isolation
(D) Polyploidy

Answer 1

Hint: Reproductive isolation is the inability of a species to successfully reproduce with closely related species because of geographic, behavioural, physiological, genetic, or other barriers or differences.

Complete Step by step solution:
Behavioural, spatial, and temporal isolation are just a few of the ways that reproductive isolation can manifest. The modifications boost the likelihood of surviving and procreating. The modifications help the specific organism adapt to its surroundings. Adaptive evolution is driven by positive natural selection, which is the propensity of advantageous traits to rise in prevalence (frequency) in a population.
In terms of genomics, the process of hybridization is the joining of two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules to create a double-stranded molecule. Base pairing must be appropriate for the two single-stranded molecules in order for the bond to form. Ligers and mules are two instances of hybrid animals. The process of creating a double-stranded nucleic acid from two complementary DNA strands is known as hybridization in molecular biology (or RNA). It is specifically known as nucleic acid hybridization.
Environmental isolation is the division of biological communities as a result of changes to their ecology or their environment. As a result of changes to their ecology or habitat, biological communities can become isolated due to environmental factors. Ecological speciation is the diverse selection of ecologically influenced traits that results in the reproductive isolation of populations occupying distinct niches. It could result in a combination of the two, predominantly premating isolation, and mostly postmating isolation.
Hence, option (A) is correct.
Note: The heritable state of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes is known as polyploidy. Plants frequently have polyploid DNA, as do several fish and amphibian species. For instance, some frogs, leeches, and salamanders are polyploid.