Question

Push vishesh (HD 2851) and golden rice are varieties of crops modified by scientists to make them rich in minerals. Which phenomenon are they related to?
(a) Bioremediation
(b) Biofortification
(c) Bio Phytoremediation
(d) Xenobiotics

Answer 1

Hint: The concept of breeding crops is to improve its nutritional value. This can be accomplished either by traditional selective breeding or by genetic engineering. Biofortification varies from normal fortification because, when the plants are growing, it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious rather than adding nutrients to the foods when they are processed.

Complete answer:
The principle of breeding crops to improve their nutritional value is biofortification. This can be accomplished either by traditional selective breeding or by genetic engineering. Biofortification varies from normal fortification because, when the plants are increasing, it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious rather than adding nutrients to the foods as they are being processed. In order to provide nutrients for the rural poor, who seldom have access to commercially fortified foods, this represents an advance in ordinary fortification. As such, in the developing world, biofortification is seen as an upcoming strategy to deal with micronutrient deficiencies.

Additional information:
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that uses living organisms, such as microbes and bacteria, to extract soil, water, and other ecosystems from pathogens, pollutants, and toxins. For the cleanup of oil spills or polluted groundwater, bioremediation is used.
Phytoremediation is a method of bioremediation that uses different kinds of plants in the soil and groundwater to eliminate, pass, stabilize, and/or kill pollutants. Several different kinds of phytoremediation mechanisms exist. 
A xenobiotic is a chemical substance contained in an organism that within the organism is not naturally created or supposed to be present. It may also cover substances that are present at much higher than normal concentrations.
So, the correct answer is ‘(b) Biofortification’.

Note: Biofortification enables selected nutrition to be applied to a specific crop by either selectively breeding or genetically modifying it. As most of the necessary nutrients are integrated into a single crop, this decreases the need for multiple foods to be eaten.