Question

Pulmonary oedema is caused by
A. Sulphur oxides
B. Carbon oxides
C. Nitrogen oxides
D. Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Hint: Pulmonary oedema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs and inflammation of the alveoli. The oxides of the element which cause pulmonary oedema have five different types of oxides.

Complete answer: Inhalation of sulphur oxides causes irritation in eyes, throat, lungs, and nose. A person can experience watery eyes, a runny nose, sore throat, burning eyes, and cough and may cause difficulty in breathing.
-When a person inhales too much carbon dioxide, there occurs a lack of oxygen intake. The person can experience dizziness, shortness of breath, or headaches.
-Nitrogen dioxide is a partially soluble substance in water. When inhaled, it diffuses into the lungs of the human. There the nitrogen dioxide hydrolyses into nitric acid. Due to the nitric acid, severe swelling of the bronchioles and pulmonary alveolus occurs. This leads to lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation is the process of degradation of lipids by the process of oxidation.it produces free electrons which cause cell damage. The production of free radicals from lipid peroxidation leads to irritation in the bronchioles and alveoli. This results in the spontaneous destruction of the epithelial cells present in the lungs. This causes excessive filtration of body fluids from the capillaries. The fluid gets accumulated and causes pulmonary oedema.
-Hydrocarbons harm lungs severely. It can cause difficulty in breathing, coughing, irritation in the throat, choking, and many more diseases.

Hence option C is correct.

Note: Pulmonary oedema can be caused by dysfunction of the left ventricle of the heart. When the heart is unable to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins. This results in the traveling of the blood to the lungs. This increases pressure in blood vessels. Due to the increase in pressure, fluid is pushed into the alveoli of the lungs.