Question

Protoplast excluding nucleus is called
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Endoplasm
(c) Ectoplasm
(d) Protoplasm

Answer 1

Hint: Protoplast excluding the nucleus is the living matter of the cell where all the essential reactions like glycolysis or translation occur due to the presence of many dissolved nutrients and enzymes suspended in it.

Complete answer:
Protoplasts are any isolated plant cell or bacterial cell whose cell wall has been removed and is only bounded by plasmalemma or plasma membrane. It surrounds the living part of the cell which is a complex mixture of semi-fluid and translucent substances. This living part is known as protoplasm. It is represented by the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Thus, the portion or area of the protoplast excluding the nucleus is known as cytoplasm.

Additional Information: -Nucleoplasm is the living part of the nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
-Cytosol or hyaloplasm is the fluid part of the cytoplasm that may exist in two states- plasmasol and plasmagel. Ectoplasm is the plasmagel that is usually present beneath the cell membrane while plasmasol is also referred to as endoplasm as it lies interior in the cell.
-Many membranes bound and non-membrane bound cell organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.
-Cytoplasm also includes certain cell inclusions. They may function as storage bodies of starch, fats and oils, and proteins. These inclusions may also store temporary secretory products like enzymes, hormones, pigments, alkaloids, resins, and gums. They also store excretory products like inorganic salts, latex, tannins, and essential oils.
So, the correct answer is ‘Cytoplasm.’

Note: -Cytoplasm performs a range of functions like acting as a mediator to exchange materials between the unconnected cell organelles. They do so by cytoplasmic streaming.
-All the essential metabolic reactions occur in the matrix of cytoplasm like glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, etc.
-As the cytoplasmic matrix is always in motion, it helps in the distribution of various materials uniformly to all the corners of the cell.