Question

How is protein synthesis different from DNA replication?

Answer 1

Hint: Protein synthesis can be defined as the procedure of making a functional protein molecule based on the information present in the genes whereas DNA replication can be defined as the production of an identical replica (copy) of an already existing DNA molecule.

Complete answer:
In both the mechanisms of Protein synthesis and DNA replication, DNA is used as the starting material. DNA serves as the genetic material in most of the organisms. DNA stores the required information for the growth, development, and functioning of the organism.

Difference between Protein Synthesis and DNA Replication
1)Protein synthesis is the process by which a linear chain of amino acids is produced on the basis of information stored in a gene. DNA replication is the procedure by which an identical replica (copy) of an already existing double-stranded DNA molecule is produced.
2)Protein synthesis is associated with two processes namely Transcription and Translation.DNA replication involves the synthesis of an exact replica (copy) of an already existing DNA molecule.
3)Sites of Protein synthesis: Nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm.
4)Sites of DNA replication: Nucleus in eukaryotes and the Cytoplasm in prokaryotes.
5)Protein synthesis is associated with mRNA along with DNA. DNA replication is not associated with any RNA molecule.
6)Main enzyme involved in protein synthesis is RNA polymerase. Main enzymes involved in DNA replication are Helicase, RNA primase, and DNA polymerase.

Note: Opening Template in both Protein synthesis and DNA replication is double-stranded DNA molecule. Protein synthesis leads to the formation of an amino acid sequence of a protein. DNA replication leads to the formation of new DNA molecules identical to an existing DNA molecule. The main difference between the two processes is the mechanism and the final product of the two processes.