Question

Who propounded the biological evolution theory of use and disuse of organs?

Answer 1

Hint:He was a French botanist who proposed two theories that had a great impact on the theory of evolution. His theory is also popular as Lamarckism.

Complete answer:
Evolution has become a transition in the traits of a species over many centuries and depends on the mechanism of natural selection. The hypothesis of evolution is based on the premise that all animals are linked and increasingly change over time.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was a French botanist who proposed two theories that had a great influence on the theory of evolution. Lamarck did not accept that an organism could be extinct. Instead, he saw the concept of extinction as each member of a species merging into another species. He assumed that the transition was brought on by the usage and disuse and succession of the acquired characteristics. This was the first time that a mechanism was suggested to clarify how a transition happened in a species. He invoked the concept of "inheritance of developed characters," not only as an example of heredity, but also as a concept of evolution. He lived at that time when species fixity was taken for granted, but he believed that this fixity was seen only in a constant climate. He enunciated the law of use and disuse, which states that since certain organs are specially produced as a result of certain environmental needs, the state of production is inherited and can be carried down to the offspring. He assumed that in this manner, over several centuries, giraffes could emerge from deer-like creatures that had to keep extending their necks to meet tall leaves on the trees.

Note:Lamarck provided the example of Giraffes and clarified that the ancestor of giraffes had a short neck and forelimbs. Yet they had to extend their necks in an effort to consume the leaves on tall trees.