Question

Primary succession on land occurs as:
(a) $Lichen\rightarrow mosses\rightarrow annual \ grass\rightarrow shrubs\rightarrow trees$
(b) $mosses\rightarrow lichen\rightarrow annual \ grass\rightarrow shrubs\rightarrow trees$
(c) $plankton\rightarrow submerged\rightarrow floating \ stage\rightarrow marsh \ stage\rightarrow climax \ stage$
(d) All of these

Answer 1

Hint: Basically it is a series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time. It is newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time. Succession consistently involves a progression from communities with lower species diversity to communities with higher species diversity.

Complete answer:
It includes changes that occur when living things and it became established on a previously uninhabited area such as a newly exposed sea or lake sediments or sand dunes.

The natural progression on the bare stone is known as lithosere. These stages occur in steady succession.

Additional information: In the eruption of volcanoes, the primary succession can take place, for example, those on the Big Island of Hawaii. As magma flows into the sea, a new stone is formed. On the Big Island, around 32 acres of land are included every year. The species that show up first in the recently established climate are known as pioneer species, and through their interactions, they build a simple initial biological community. When new species arrive then this community becomes more complex. Primary succession is different from secondary succession, which is the recuperation of a current organic network after an unsettling influence hampers the network's natural structure to a previous stage.
So, the correct answer is ‘$Lichen\rightarrow mosses\rightarrow annual \ grass\rightarrow shrubs\rightarrow trees$’.

Note: Once grasses and weeds begin to grow, soil formation is accelerated and more animal species begin to appear. The environment retains moisture, and ideal conditions are formed by the growth of shrubs and small trees. This is pursued by larger trees and animals, and the complex web of interactions between them.