Question

Plant breeding involves techniques for manipulating plants in order to create the desired plant types. State the steps involved in the production of a new generic variety of a crop.

Answer 1

Hint: Plant breeding is the scientific process through which the traits of plants are changed and produce a new plant variety which consists of the desired characteristics. This method is used to increase the quality, viability and nutritional value of products.

Complete answer:
Hybridization is a mechanism through which different varieties of organisms are created by genetic variation. In this process, crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents is done to produce hybrids. It is also known as plant breeding. The purpose of the process is the manipulation of plant and production of plant species with more or different desired characteristics. Through the process, the produced species or hybrids are more suitable for cultivation with high yielding and high resistant power. The offspring produce polyploidy and can be fertile, partially fertile or sterile in nature.

Plant breeding is done mainly for the reason such as to increase the quality of food and its nutritional value. Their developed hybrid species can tolerate various environmental conditions and increase disease resistance.
This plant breeding method undergoes through some steps which are as follows:

At the first collection of variability i.e. varieties of species that contain the desired trait to be collected and preserved. This collection is called the germplasm collection. Next step is the selection of desired characteristics i.e. the collected sample to be examined and identify the plants with desirable characters. Only the pure is to be selected.

After selection, the hybridization process is applied to the selected plants. In hybridization, a plant is selected as a male parent and the pollen grain is collected. After that, it is dusted over another plant which is considered as a female parent. Progeny was produced through the crossing and tested for the desired combination of characters. At last, the selected plants are tested by producing plants in an experimental field. This production has to continue for at least three sessions or till the desired characteristics are attained.

Note: Plant breeding is a very common and useful scientific method of genetic variation. In this method, two or more types of the plant go through the crossing and produce a new type of breed with the desired combination. The process of plant breeding follows some steps like the collection of varieties and their selection as the parent plant. Then their crossing takes place and progeny is produced and finally, it is to be tested in an experimental field for a minimum of three sessions.