Question

On hybridization of one s-orbital and one p-orbital, we get
(A)- two mutually perpendicular orbitals
(B)- two orbitals at $180{}^\circ $
(C)- four orbitals directly tetrahedrally
(D)- three orbitals in a plane.

Answer 1

Hint: The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of atomic orbitals participating in hybridization.

Complete answer:
-The regions of space in which electrons are most likely to be found is known as an orbital.
-Each orbital is designated by a number and a letter. The number denotes the energy level of the electron in the orbital whereas the letter refers to the shape of the orbital.
-There are four different shapes of the orbital, that is s-orbital, p-orbital, d-orbital, and f-orbital. The s, p, d, and f respectively stand for the words sharp, primary, diffuse, and fundamental.
-A spherically symmetric orbital, like a hollow ball made of rather fluffy material with a nucleus at the center is known as an s-orbital. s-orbital has only one atomic orbital in it. s-orbital is symmetric in having the probability of finding the electron at a given distance equal in all the directions.
-p-orbitals consist of two sections, known as lobes which lie on either side of the plane passing through the nucleus. Three p-orbitals differ from each other in the way the lobes are oriented whereas they are identical in terms of size, shape, and energy.
-If an s-orbital and a p-orbital are hybridized together, we will get an s-p hybrid orbital which will be aligned at an angle of $180{}^\circ $to each other. sp hybrid orbital will have the characteristics of both orbitals, which is 50% characteristics of s and 50% characteristics of p.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Note:
d-orbital is a dumbbell-shaped orbital. There are five d orbitals, namely ${{d}_{xv}},{{d}_{yz}},{{d}_{zx}},{{d}_{{{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}}}\text{ and }{{d}_{{{z}^{2}}}}$ . Four of the five d-orbitals are cloverleaf shaped and the fifth orbital is like an elongated dumbbell with a doughnut in its middle. f-orbitals are at the fourth and higher levels and have seven orbitals which can accommodate a maximum of 14 electrons in it.