Question

Nitrobenzene when reduced with tin and hydrochloric acid, i.e, in acidic medium forms is:
$A)$Aniline
$B)$Benzene
$C)$Both $A)$ and $B)$
$D)$None of these

Answer 1

Hint: The reaction for the tin and hydrochloric acid reduction involves reductive electron transfer of the nitro group. Approximately $95\%$ of nitrobenzene is consumed in the production of aniline. Aside from its conversion to aniline, nitrobenzene can be selectively reduced to azoxybenzene, azobenzene.

Complete answer:
In acidic medium if nitrobenzene is reduced with tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, then it is reduced or converted to aniline. To phenyl ammonium ions using a mixture of tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Under the acidic conditions, rather than getting phenyl amine directly, you instead get phenyl ammonium ions formed. The lone pair on the nitrogen in the phenyl amine picks up a hydrogen ion from the acid.
\[Ar - N{O_2}\xrightarrow{{Sn + HCl}}Ar - N{H_2}\]
When reduced in alkaline medium, nitro benzene forms some intermediate products like Nitrosobenzene and Phenyl hydroxylamine which undergo bi-molecular condensation reaction.
So, the correct answer is $A)$Aniline.

Additional information:
Nitrobenzene is used to veil unpleasant odor in shoe and floor shines, leather dressings, paint solvents, and different materials. Redistilled, as oil of mirbane, nitrobenzene had been utilized as a reasonable fragrance for cleansers.

Note:
Nitrobenzene is exceptionally poisonous and promptly consumed through the skin. Drawn out openness may genuinely harm the focal sensory system, weaken vision, cause liver or kidney harm, weakness and lung aggravation. Inward breath of fumes may prompt cerebral pain, queasiness, exhaustion, dazedness, cyanosis, shortcoming in the arms and legs, and in uncommon cases might be lethal.