Question

Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene by using a mixture of conc. \[{\mathbf{HN}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}\]​ and cons. \[{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{S}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{4}}}.\] In the nitrating mixture, \[{\mathbf{HN}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}\;\] acts as:
(A) A base
(B) An acid
(C) A reducing agent
(D) A catalyst

Answer 1

Hint:It reacts \[{H_{2}}S{O_4}\;\] ​ to form the electrophile \[N{O_2}^ + \]ion.
\[HN{O_3} + 2{H_2}S{O_4} \rightleftharpoons 2{[HS{O_{4}}]^ - } + {H_3}{O^ + } + N{O_2}^ + \]

Complete answer:Nitrobenzene is set up by nitration of benzene with a combination of concentrated sulfuric corrosive, water, and nitric corrosive. This combination is in some cases called "blended corrosive." The creation of nitrobenzene is one of the most perilous cycles led in the substance business as a result of the exothermicity of the response (ΔH = −117 kJ/mol) .The nitration cycle includes an arrangement of the nitronium particle (NO2+), trailed by an electrophilic sweet-smelling replacement response of it with benzene. The nitronium particle is created by the response of nitric corrosive and an acidic drying out specialist, commonly sulfuric corrosive:
\[HN{O_3}\; + {\text{ }}{H^ + }\; \rightleftharpoons N{O_2}^ + \; + {\text{ }}{H_2}O\]
Nitrobenzene is additionally used to cover unsavory smells in shoe and floor shines, cowhide dressings, paint solvents, and different materials. Redistilled, as oil of mirbane, nitrobenzene had been utilized as an economical fragrance for cleansers. It has been traded by less harmful synthetic substances for this reason. A huge dealer market for nitrobenzene is its utilization in the creation of the pain-relieving paracetamol (otherwise called acetaminophen) (Mannsville 1991). Nitrobenzene is likewise utilized in Kerr cells, as it has a bizarrely huge Kerr consistency. Proof recommends its utilization in agribusiness as a plant development/blooming energizer.

Hence the correct answer is an option(A).

Note:Nitrobenzene is a natural compound with a synthetic recipe. It is a water-insoluble light-yellow oil with an almond-like scent. It sticks to give greenish-yellow gems.