Question

Name the types of point defects in solids.

Answer 1

Hint: If an ion( cation/anion) is missing from the lattice point of a crystal structure of the solid, or the cation is misplaced from its position to an interstitial position then it is called point defects.as a result of these point defects the arrangement of lattice is get distorted.

Complete step by step answer:
-Point defects of solids are mainly two types, stoichiometric defect and non-stoichiometric defect.
-When the stoichiometry of the cation and anion in lattice remain constant after the defect is called stoichiometric defect. But when stoichiometry of the cation and anion in lattice is changed or disturbed then this is a non-stoichiometric defect.
Stoichiometric defect can also be divided into two parts-
-Schottky defect: when an equal number of cation and anion is missing from its lattice point of the crystal then it is called Schottky defect.
-Frenkel defect: when the cation misplaced its position from its lattice point to an interstitial position of the crystal lattice, then it is called Frenkel defect.
-Non-stoichiometric defect can also be divided into two parts, metal excess defect and metal deficiency defect.

Note:
If an ion( cation/anion) is missing from the lattice point of a crystal structure of the solid, or the cation is misplaced from its position to an interstitial position then it is called point defects. When the stoichiometry of the cation and anion in lattice remain constant after the defect is called stoichiometric defect. when stoichiometry of the cation and anion in lattice is changed or disturbed then this is a non-stoichiometric defect.