Question

Name the technique used to separate the following: $ (a) $ Butter from curd. $ (b) $ Salt from seawater. $ (c) $ Camphor from salt?

Answer 1

Hint :There are many separation techniques by which a mixture can be separated. The list of separation techniques are:
Chromatography, Distillation, Filtration, Evaporation, Fractional distillation, Centrifugation, Sublimation, Separating funnel, Crystallization, Decantation, Magnetic separation, Sieve, Paper chromatography, Gas chromatography, Winnowing.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
 $ (a) $ Butter can be separated from curd by the process of Centrifugation.
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed. In this process, the denser component of the mixture migrates away from the axis and the lighter component floats on the top.
A centrifuge operates by using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration causes denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction.
 $ (b) $ Salt can be separated from seawater by the process of Evaporation.
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. Evaporation of water occurs when the surface of the liquid is exposed, allowing molecules to escape and form water vapor; this vapor can then rise up and form clouds. With sufficient energy, the liquid will turn into vapor.
 $ (c) $ Camphor can be separated from salt by the process of sublimation.
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from solid to gas phase and is an endothermic process. It occurs at temperatures and pressure below a substance’s triple point in its phase diagram, which corresponds to the lowest pressure at which the substance can exist as a liquid.

Note :
The antonym of sublimation is called deposition. The formation of frost is an example of meteorological deposition. Some examples of how centrifuges are used include separating blood into plasma and red cells, separating uranium isotopes for nuclear power plants.