Question

Name the component by which the cell wall is made up of.

Answer 1

Hint: A cell wall is a structural layer found just outside the cell membrane that surrounds some types of cells. It can be tough, flexible, and rigid at times. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, as well as acting as a filtering mechanism.

Complete answer:
Most prokaryotes (except mollicute bacteria), algae, fungi, and eukaryotes (including plants) have cell walls, but animals do not. One important function is to act as pressure vessels, preventing the cell from over-expanding when water enters.
Cell wall composition varies between species and may be affected by cell type and developmental stage. The polysaccharides cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin make up the primary cell wall of land plants. Other polymers, such as lignin, suberin, and cutin, are frequently anchored to or embedded in plant cell walls.
Algae have cell walls composed of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar, which are not found in land plants. The cell wall of bacteria is made of peptidoglycan. Archaea cell walls have a variety of compositions, including glycoprotein S-layers, pseudopeptidoglycan, and polysaccharides. Cell walls in fungi are made of the N-acetylglucosamine polymer chitin. Unusually, diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica.

Note:
A secondary cell wall is a thicker additional layer of cellulose in plants that increases wall rigidity. Lignin in xylem cell walls and suberin in cork cell walls can form additional layers. Because these compounds are rigid and waterproof, they stiffen the secondary wall. Secondary walls exist in both wood and bark cells of trees. Other plant parts, such as the leaf stalk, may develop similar reinforcement to resist the strain of physical forces.