Question

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking.
a. Asthma
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Emphysema

Answer 1

Hint: Smoking causes weakening or say thinning of alveoli sacs which makes them unable to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide properly hence leading to irregular breathing and heart rate due to lack of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation.

Complete answer:
Smoking is injurious to health as its consumption leads to certain diseases of lungs like COPD ( Coronary Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and one example of such disease is Emphysema in this condition lungs are unable to exhale the gases out or say poor gas exchange occurs leads to loss of breath or shortness of breathing, smoking leads to thinning of the walls of alveoli which makes them inflated and exchanging of gases (oxygen-carbon dioxide) becomes very difficult for them , this damage usually caused by the tobacco present in cigarettes, this whole leads to obstruction in breathing continuous smoking causes loss of breathing continuously causing lung damage even respiratory failure occurs in some conditions leading to various cardiac disorders. Smoking causes 82 percent of emphysema chronic bronchitis among males and 76 percent among females. The main reason behind slow breathing rate or loss of breathing is rupturing of the alveoli hence they can't hold the air anymore.
Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
Symptoms of emphysema are listed below:
• Frequent coughing or wheezing.
• A cough that produces a lot of mucus.
• Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity.
• A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe.
• Tightness in your chest.

Note: The first stage of emphysema is Stage 1 or Mild (80 percent of normal) while Stage 2 or Moderate (50-80 percent). The third stage is called Stage 3 or Severe (30-35 percent normal) emphysema. Stage 4 or very severe which is less than 30 percent normal is called end stage emphysema. Hence treatment should be done at the earliest for curing of this disease.