Question

Name any two plant hormones and state their function?

Answer 1

Hint: They are the chemical messengers that are made in one place in the body and deliver their message in a totally different place in the body. One of them helps in the enlargement of cells while the other is responsible for the parthenocarpy of fruits.

Complete answer:
Basically, there are various types of hormones that stimulate or repress the development of plants. Auxin and gibberellins are the two plant growth hormones. Functions of Auxin: (1) Cell enlargement: Auxin is responsible for cell enlargement by solubilization of carbohydrates, loosening of cell wall microfibrils, synthesis of new wall material, and also an increase in respiration. (2) Prevention of lodging: The lower part of inter-nodes of the stem of cereals is long and it is also weak. Accordingly, the plant twists down or droops. Functions of Gibberellin: (1) In bolting: Inter-nodes growth is poor but large leaves appear to rise to arise in tufts In rosette-forming plants. The inter-nodes suddenly prolong and the stem gets normal just before flowering. This is called bolting. (2) Parthenocarpy: In tomatoes, apples, etc., gibberellins are very effective in inducing parthenocarpy.

Additional information: Ethylene is a plant hormone that influences ripening and rotting in plants. It is an especially interesting plant hormone since it exists as a gas. No other plant hormone is gaseous. Practically any part of a plant can be produced ethylene and it can diffuse by the help of the plant’s tissue, outside the plant, and travel by the help of the air to affect a totally various plant. 
For the production of ethylene, it needs oxygen, and the agricultural industry has utilized this tidbit of information to their advantage. In the event that you control the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a truck carrying produce (specifically low ${ O }_{ 2 }$ and high ${ CO }_{ 2 }$) you can stop ethylene synthesis and however slow the ripening process.

Note: The plant hormone also gives signals called “thirst signals” that say that we’re dehydrated and we need water. At the point when the plant needs water, for instance during a drought, it doesn’t have so many options. Plants produce a chemical messenger, called abscisic acid, to alarm the rest of the plant that it is water-stressed.