Question

Name and describe the technique that helps in separating the DNA fragments formed by the use of restriction endonuclease.

Answer 1

Hint: It is one of molecular biology’s major tools. The underlying theory is that, by means of an electric field and size, RNA, DNA, and proteins can all be isolated.

Complete answer:
First we should know about molecular biology to answer this question. Molecular biology, including molecular synthesis, mechanisms, modification, and interactions, is the field of biology that involves the mechanistic mechanisms of biological activity in and within cells. The basic dogma of molecular biology explains the process in which DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. Gel electrophoresis, PCR, molecular cloning, blotting, and microarrays are the different techniques present in molecular biology.
>Gel electrophoresis is the technique used for separating DNA fragments in the lab. DNA fragments of varying lengths can be separated by electrophoresis.
>DNA is negatively charged, so DNA can move towards the positively charged electrode as an electrical current is added to the gel.
>Shorter DNA strands move through the gel faster than longer strands, causing the fragments to be arranged in order of size.
>Using dyes or radioactive labeling helps the DNA on the gel to be seen after separation. They will show as bands on the gel.
>A DNA marker with fragments of known lengths is generally run via the gel at a same time as the samples. We will figure out the average length of the DNA fragments in the samples by matching the bands of the DNA samples with those of the DNA marker.

Note:Procedures and technologies are increasingly being developed in molecular biology, and older technologies have been discarded. Until the advent of DNA gel electrophoresis (agarose or polyacrylamide), for example, the size of DNA molecules was usually determined by sedimentation rate in sucrose gradients, a slow and labor-intensive technique involving costly instrumentation; viscometry was used prior to sucrose gradients.