Question

Mycorrhizae are an example of
(a)Mutualism
(b)Fungistasis
(c)Amensalism
(d)Antibiosis

Answer 1

Hint: A mycorrhiza is a relationship between fungi and the roots of higher plants. Mycorrhiza is also known as root fungi. Both the plant and fungal component benefits from this kind of relationship. Mycorrhiza helps plants to draw more nutrients and water from the soil. It also increases plant tolerance to environmental stresses.

Complete answer:
In mycorrhiza, fungal colonies may be formed inside or on surfaces of the roots.
The fungus helps the plants in easy absorption of water and nutrients and the plant provides carbohydrates from photosynthesis to the fungi.
Mycorrhizae increases the surface area for absorption in plant roots which facilitates easy absorption.
Mycorrhizae is also important in phosphorus and nitrogen absorption by plants.

Additional Information:
There are two types of mycorrhizae;
Ectomycorrhizae and Endomycorrhizae.

This classification is based on the surface in or on which the fungi colonized.
Endomycorrhiza is an association of fungi inside the root of the plants. While ectomycorrhizal is an association of fungi with plant roots seen externally.
Approximately 90% of the land plants depend on mycorrhizal fungi for mineral intake. Mycorrhizae can also protect the plants from pathogens that cause disease. In this relationship, the fungal component plays the role of root hairs by extending the plant's capability to absorb nutrients.
The Greek word mycorrhiza is derived from the words mukes meaning fungi and rhiza meaning root.
So, the answer is 'Mutualism'.

Note: In some cases, the mycorrhizal association may not be mutually beneficial. There are instances in which only one component benefits. The fungal component plays a vital role in soil aggregation and promotes microbial activity. Mycorrhizal fungi can have a shelf life of about 2 years.