Question

Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technique is used for
A. Production of hybrid
B. Inbreeding
C. Crossbreeding
D. Outcrossing

Answer 1

Hint:Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technique/technology is a method for improvement of the herd because, in breeding experiments, the success rate of crossing mature male and female animals is low.

Complete answer:1. An important aspect of animal husbandry is animal breeding which has an aim to increase the yield of animals and improve the desirable qualities of the products which we get from them.
2. A breed is a group of animals that are related to each other by descent and they are also similar in most of the characteristics such as general appearance, features, size, configuration, etc.
3. In multiple ovulation embryo transfer techniques, a female cow is administered with FSH-like hormone which induces follicular maturation which is then followed by superovulation.
4. Usually, a single egg is released during single ovulation, but due to this hormone, the ovary of the female releases 6 -8 eggs in each cycle. This increases the success of breeding.
5. The female cow is then mated with an elite bull or artificial insemination is carried out. After fertilization occurs, the zygote is formed which is followed by cleavage. At 8-32 cell stages, the embryo is called a blastocyst.
6. The blastocysts are removed non – surgically and then these blastocysts are transferred to surrogate mothers. At the other end, the genetic mother is made ready for another round of superovulation.
7. This technique has been used for animals like cattle, sheep, buffaloes, rabbits, etc. To increase the herd size in a short period of time, the breeding is carried out between high milk yielding females and high-quality meat yielding bulls. The meat with lean meat with less lipid is considered high-quality meat.
8. Breeding is of two types that is inbreeding and outbreeding. When breeding is carried out between two closely related individuals within the same breed for 4 to 6 generations, then it is called inbreeding.
9. Outbreeding is of two types, that is outcrossing and crossbreeding. Outcrossing is the mating of animals within the same breed, but they have no common ancestors for 4 to 6 generations on either side.
10. Crossbreeding is the mating in which breeds are different, that is breeding is done between the superior males of one breed and superior females of another breed. In this method, the desirable qualities of the two breeds can be combined.

Hence the correct answer is an option (A).

Note: There are many benefits of inbreeding such as it increases homozygosity and helps to obtain a pure line but continuous inbreeding leads to inbreeding depression which is overcome by a single outcross.