Question

What is the molecular formula and structure of the alcohol which can be thought to be derived from pentane?
(A) Write the names of the following functional groups:
(B) What makes the candle flame yellow and luminous?
(C) $ \left( i \right)-CHO;~~\left( ii \right)-OH;~~\left( iii \right)-COOH;~~\left( iv \right)-C\left( =O \right)-;~~\left( v \right)-X $

Answer 1

Hint: We know that alcohols are having functional groups $ -OH. $ Alcohols can be classified into primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol. Also Burning of wax is burning low energy fuel in a low oxygen content. The incomplete burning of wax produces small unburnt carbon particles.

Complete answer:
(A) The molecular formula and structure of the alcohol which can be thought to be derived from pentane is $ {{C}_{5}}{{H}_{12}}O $ or $ {{C}_{5}}{{H}_{11}}OH $ and its structure is shown above.
(B) The names of the following functional groups:
- Aldehyde group.
- Alcohol group.
- Carboxylic acid group.
- Ketone group.
- Halo group.
(C) When a candle is lighted, the wax melts, rises up the wick and gets born-again into vapours. In an exceedingly candle, there's no provision for the correct combining of Oxygen (of air) for burning wax vapours. So, the wax vapours burn in Associate in Nursing light offer of Oxygen (of air) that results in incomplete combustion of wax. This incomplete combustion of wax produces little unburnt carbon light-weight. This makes the candle flames yellow and aglow. Thus, when wax burns the unburnt carbon atoms get heated and form a luminous yellow.

Note:
Remember that the type of flame is depending upon the oxygen amount available for burning. If a sufficient amount of oxygen is present then an oxidizing flame is produced. The colour of oxidizing flame blue. One the other hand if low amount oxygen is present the reducing flame is produced. The color of reducing flame is yellow.