Question

What do you mean by negative feedback? Explain with an example.

Answer 1

Hint: When some functions of the output of a system are fed back in a manner that reduces the fluctuation in the output is known as negative feedback. The reduction in the fluctuations can be caused by the changes in the input or by other disturbances. It is also known as balancing feedback

Complete answer:
There are two feedback mechanisms - positive and negative feedback.
-Negative feedback controls the homeostasis process. Therefore this system occurs mainly within the body. It involves a response that is reverse of the change detected.
-Receptor detects a change and activates the effector to induce an opposite effect to promote equilibrium.
Example of a negative feedback loop. Which includes homeostatic systems generally thermoregulation, blood sugar regulation, and osmoregulation.
-Human body temperature - the fluctuation in the temperature is detected by the hypothalamus of a human which responds accordingly. if the temperature of the body is warm then the body will sweat to cool down by a process called evaporation and when the temperature drops and body shivers to bring up the temperature.
-Human Blood Pressure - when blood pressure increases the blood vessels send a signal to the brain and then the brain sends a signal to the heart, Thus heart rate is slowing down and helps in returning the blood pressure to the normal level.

Additional Information: Some more examples of Negative feedback loop are -
1)Human metabolism - metabolism slows down when humans are hungry to conserve the energy and allow humans to continue their living with less food.
2)Blood sugars in humans - insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles, and other cells when blood sugar rises so that they can store excess glucose. Some glucose is stored as body fat and others stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
3)Erythropoiesis - it is also known as the production of human red blood cells. Whenever there is a decrease in the oxygen level, it is detected by the kidney and they secrete erythropoietin.

Note: -To maintain homeostasis, feedback loops are very important.
-Feedback loops and the process whenever there is a change in the system of the body then it will send an alarm that will trigger a certain result.