Question

Match the following and select the correct option.

Column 1	Column 2
(a) Earthworm	(i) Pioneer species
(b) Succession	(ii) Detrivore
(c) Ecosystem service	(iii) Natality
(d) Population growth	(iv) Pollination

A. a = i, b= ii, c = iii, d = iv
B. a = iv, b = i, c = iii, d = ii
C. a = iii, b = ii, c = iv, d = i
D. a = ii, b = i, c = iv, d = iii

Answer 1

Hint: Detrivore is a heterotrophic species that rely on detritus, and organic matter built up of dead plant and animal debris. Pioneer is being used to identify the organisms that first conquer new environments formed by disruption. Pollinators offer critical ecosystem services by raising or sustaining global yields of nearly 75% of species of plants. Natality in population ecology is the technical term for the rate of birth.

Complete answer: Detritivores can sometimes be fed by coprophagy, which is a feeding technique that involves the intake of feces. Detritivores are theoretically a subset of decomposers. Detrivores lead to the deterioration of all dead and rotting material in any ecosystem. They play an essential part in the cycling of nutrients and are an integrated component of many other biogeochemical cycles, like the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and even the phosphorus cycle. Terrestrial ecosystems could be identified from two categories of pioneers: those who only conquer sites with a deficit of organic soil and facilitate primary succession or those that implement secondary succession, often by the recruitment of soil propagules. Pollinator communities are falling in many nations, compromising human food supply and ecosystem services. Alternative ones to eliminate pollinator pressure include the implementation of efficient ecosystem networks, the advancement of pesticide risk analysis, and the introduction and adoption of emerging disease therapies. They are fundamental factors that decide whether the population rises, falls, or stays the same as in size. Natality is really the dominant driver upon this rise in population. Natality is seen as being a crude birth rate or a precise birth rate.
So, the correct option is (D)
Additional Information:
Along with eating energy from many other species, detritivores are typically served by secondary consumers and are thus a part of the energy cycle of the ecosystem. Primary succession must compete with stressful circumstances of creation and, as a factor of restricted soil growth, the levels of nutrients also restrict their growth and distribution. Inversely, second succession pioneers often meet resource-rich ecosystems whose competition with existing vegetation is limited. Interactive challenges have had an effect on pollinator wellbeing, abundance, and inclusion Interdisciplinary research and strategic planning are required to help unravel how these multiple stresses differentially affect pollinators or provide evidence-based solutions. Calculating and concluding the fertility rate of humans is identical to that of animals. Age-specific itineraries are built to establish growth. It is used to study the effect that atmospheric chemicals/toxins have on women of reproductive age.

Note: Detritivores depend on raw resources, and also some herbivores and carnivores, and therefore are ubiquitous in the air at all trophic scales. Pioneer species are the first to conquer barren habitats or already resource-rich, steady-state environments that have been disturbed, such as by fire. Multiple constraints that intervene with biological functions from genes to ecology challenge pollinator health, diversity, and abundance. Natality in simple words refers to the rate of birth of individuals.