Question

Match column-I with column-II and select the correct option.

Column-I	Column-II
A.	Saltation	I.	Darwin
B.	The formation of life preceded	II.	Louis Pasteur
C.	Reproductive fitness	III.	De Vries
D.	Life comes from pre-existing life	IV.	Oparin and Haldane

A. A-III;    B-IV;   C-I;   D-II
B. A-IV;   B-III;   C-II;   D-I
C. A-II;    B-III;    C-I;    D-IV
D. A-I;     B-IV;   C-III;  D-II

Answer 1

Hint: Saltation is a sudden and big mutational change that led to the speciation. It is a single-step large mutation. Oparin-Haldane theory, also known as a chemical theory, implies that life is derived from non-living organic molecules. Reproductive fitness reflects the capacity of individuals to transfer their genes to the next generations. Biogenesis signifies that life comes from pre-existing life, as in contemporary earth.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Saltation theory was presented by de Vries who was a Dutch botanist working with primroses. He believed that a new species had unexpectedly sprung into existence as a mutation. He theorised that new species "saltated" (leaped), which constantly sprung into reality.
Oparin and Haldane suggested that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing living organic molecules. The conditions of the primitive environment supported the development of molecules. The molecules combined to form organic substances which organised to form the first living cell.
Darwin provided reproductive fitness. Darwin’s fitness only relates to reproductive fitness. It is the capability of a variant kind of organism to invade and supplant the resident population in competition for existing resources. The invading organism has the appropriate variations and is able to pass these variations to the next generation due to its reproductive fitness.
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who is known for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, pasteurisation, and microbial fermentation. According to him, life comes from pre-existing life.

Therefore the correct answer is Option A.
Note: In accordance with the De Vries, 'saltation' was a single big step mutation that led to evolution. The modern theory is also called a chemical theory or Oparin Haldane theory or primary abiogenesis or naturalistic theory. The concept of abiogenesis is life always comes from preexisting life. Fitness traits, also known as life-history traits, contain measures of mortality and fertility and are complex phenotypes that are direct goals of Darwinian selection. Louis Pasteur demonstrated that in pre-sterilized flasks, life does not come from killed yeast though, in another flask open to the air, new living organisms emerged from ‘killed yeast’.