Question

Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct option.

Column-I	Column-II
A. Narrowly utilitarian argument	I. Conserving biodiversity for major ecosystem services.
B. Broadly utilitarian argument	II. Conserving biodiversity for philosophical or spiritual needs to realize that every species has entrinsic value and moral duty to pass our biological legacy in good order to future generations.
C. Ethical argument	III. Conserving biodiversity for direct economic benefits like food, medicine, industrial products etc.

A. A-I; B-II; C-III
B. A-III; B-I; C-II
C. A-II; B-I; C-III
D. A-I; B-III; C-II

Answer 1

Hint:
The term "biodiversity" refers to the diversity present across all levels of biological organisation. Arguments for the conservation of biodiversity can be divided into three categories: strictly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian, and ethical.

Complete step by step answer:
Narrowly utilitarian argument:
Arguments for biodiversity conservation that are strictly utilitarian focus on the fact that humans directly gain economically from natural resources such as food, fuel for fires, fibre for clothing, building materials, industrial products, and essential medicines. The dependency of man on biodiversity for its resources can be explained by the economic or utilitarian values of biodiversity. More than 25% of the medications found in the traditional medicines used by indigenous people around the world come from 25000 species of plants.

Broadly utilitarian:
The biodiversity-based, broadly utilitarian argument is crucial to many ecosystem functions that nature offers. The term "broadly utilitarian" refers to the utility of biodiversity that is not specific to any one species, such as oxygen production, pollination, and aesthetic value. 20 percent of the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere is thought to be produced by photosynthesis in the rapidly disappearing Amazon forest.

Ethical argument:
The major moral justification for protecting biodiversity is what we owe to the numerous plant, animal, and microbial species that coexist on this world. It states that because all species depend on one another, the extinction of one species could have an impact on the other members of the community. Humans ought to be able to survive within the same ecological boundaries as other organisms. Therefore, it is important for us to understand that every species has intrinsic value, even if it may not have any economic benefit to us. This value is important for maintaining biodiversity. We also have a moral obligation to consider their welfare. Keep them alive for the future and ensure that future generations inherit a healthy biological inheritance.

Therefore option B is the correct answer, A-III; B-I; C-II.

Note:
The steady depletion of resources in biodiversity is referred to as dwindling.
According to estimates, the Amazon jungle contributes 20% of the planet's total oxygen through photosynthesis.