Question

List the steps involved in soil preparation.

Answer 1

Hint: Soil is defined as the topmost thin layer of the Earth’s crust which is formed as a result of the weathering of rocks and minerals. Soil is one of the most important resources as they are the source of nutrition for most of the living organisms.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
The process of soil formation is a slow but continuous process known as weathering that can occur via physical, chemical, or biological processes. Physical weathering involves the breakdown of large rocks and minerals by physical forces such as force due to two rocks colliding against each other. Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks due to chemicals acting on them and changing their chemical composition. Biological weathering involves the breakdown of rocks by the action of living organisms such as enzymes of microorganisms are known to degrade rocks. Based on the organisms living on the rocks, different types of soil are produced.

Additional information:
- The different layers of soil are represented vertically by a soil profile and are known as horizons.
- There are two main horizons or layers of soil known as topsoil and subsoil.
- Another type of classification includes horizons A, B, and C. The A horizon contains the most living organisms and thus is rich in humus and other organic materials.
- The B horizon has fewer microorganisms in it and thus is less fertile as compared to the A horizon. It is rich in clay.
- The C horizon consists of rocks that were weathered over time.

Note:
- The process of soil weathering is affected by temperature and moisture, as in high temperatures and high moisture, the process is much faster.
- The geological position of the land also determines the kind of soil it contains as factors like the amount of rainfall determine the soil type.
- The O horizon is also seen in some soils which are made up of decaying plant waste.