Question

List out the sphincter muscles of the food canal and give a brief description of each one of them.

Answer 1

Hint: Sphincters are unusual, circular muscles that open some parts of the body and close them. Very frequently, a sphincter 's action is to control the flow of some sort of substance, such as bile, urine, or faecal matter.

Complete Answer:
The movement of sphincters may occur accidentally through the autonomic nervous system or maybe through the somatic nervous system under some voluntary regulation. If a sphincter lacks muscle tone or has too much tone (spasticity), symptoms and/or disease may follow, such as urinary retention and bladder and faecal incontinence.
Within the digestive system, there are six distinct sphincters.

Type	Location	Function	Malfunction
Upper Esophageal Sphincter	At the end of the pharynx, the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), also known as the inferior pharyngeal sphincter, can be located where it protects the oesophagus entrance.	1. UES is responsible for stopping air from entering the oesophagus as we breathe and for preventing the aspiration of food into the respiratory tract.2. The UES also plays a part in burping and vomiting because of its location.	As part of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD), malfunctioning of the UES can cause acid to return to the throat or airways.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter	The lower esophageal sphincter also referred to as the cardiac sphincter, is situated at the bottom of the oesophagus where it crosses the stomach.	Its key functions are to encourage food to pass from the oesophagus into the stomach, to allow air to escape from the stomach while burping, and to prevent stomach acid from washing back into the oesophagus.	One of the main causes of GERD is a malfunction of the LES.
Pyloric Sphincter	Around the stomach and the duodenum, which is the first component of the small intestine, is the pyloric sphincter.	The pyloric sphincter opens to allow partially digested food (chyme) for further digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body to pass from the stomach into the duodenum.
Sphincter of Oddi	The Sphincter of Oddi (SO) is situated where the duodenum is connected to the normal bile duct and the pancreatic duct.	After we have eaten, the SO opens in order to allow bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas to enter the duodenum in order to break down food components in the body for absorption.	Oddi dysfunction (SOD) sphincter, a relatively rare health condition that can cause chest-area pain episodes
Ileocecal Sphincter	Where the small intestine and large intestine cross, the ileocecal sphincter is located.	There is nothing understood about this sphincter, other than that chyme (the ileum) is believed to be expelled into the large intestine from the end of the small intestine.
Anal Sphincter	At the back of the rectum and, thus, at the end of the digestive tract, is the anal sphincter. The anal sphincter manages the mechanism of stool evacuation. It has both an inner part and an outer one.	The inner sphincter is under involuntary control (and therefore avoids leakage out of the stool), while the outer sphincter is largely under voluntary control, facilitating bowel movement.	A malfunction of the anal sphincter, a health condition known as faecal incontinence, may cause stool leakage.

Note: There are other sphincters you've got all over your body.
- Urethral Sphincter: This sphincter, also known as the sphincter urethrae, regulates the retention and emptying of urine. The urethral sphincter, like the anal sphincter, has both inner and outer muscles, which are mostly under involuntary and voluntary influence, respectively.
- Iris Sphincter: Sometimes referred to as the pupillary sphincter or pupil sphincter. The closure of the pupil in the eye is controlled by this sphincter.