Question

Law of tolerance was formulated by
(a)Taylor
(b)Shelford
(c)Clapham
(d)Kendeigh

Answer 1

Hint: He was an American zoologist who studied about animal communities and helped them to establish ecology. He published his own book named Animal Communities in Temperate America which was a good source to treat ecology as a separate science.

Complete answer:
Law of tolerance was formulated by Shelford. It was developed in 1911 by the American coll edge's Victor Ernest Shelford. According to the law of tolerance, the organism's success is based on a complex set of conditions. Each organism has certain factors that determine success. An organism is capable of surviving invariant environmental conditions.
The absence of an organism is limited by quantitative and qualitative insufficiency from environmental factors that may limit the tolerance for that organism. These environmental factors include topographic location, climatic conditions and the biological necessity for plants and animals. The law is an indication of natural complexity. It is carried out in the range from the minimum to maximum limit of tolerance of an organism which signifies the limit of tolerance of an organism.

Additional Information: Taylor: Dr.J.Herbert Taylor where’s a biologist who researched DNA. He demonstrated the labelling of 3H thymidine of the two DNA subunits of chromosomes. The semi conservative segregation during cell division was discovered by him which was the first evidence for semi-conservative replication of DNA. He found the opposite polarity of subunits of chromosomes. These chromosomes indicate their analogue to two chains of the Watson Crick helix. He demonstrated the labelling over the cell cycle which includes the discovery of late replicating X chromosomes.
Clapham: Dr Clapham is interested in understanding the control of cell signalling pathways and ion channels. He is interested in the molecular structures in those pathways and his team focus on the ion channels in primary cilia. They study about how they affect signalling pathways in embryonic and mature neurons and the structure which controls cilia channel gating.
Kendeigh: Charles Kendeigh was an ornithologist who worked with Victor Shelford and left his University. Kendeigh approached the idea of testing the crystal in a bird's nest to pick up birds heartbeat
So, the correct answer is 'Shelford'.

Note: Shelford got educated from the University of Chicago and spent his career at the University of Illinois. he was interested in establishing the use of experimental methods in the study of animal ecology. He was an American dollar just an animal ecologist who is known as forest ecology and ecological succession.